Funding from the Roman Research Trust enabled detailed of the coarse ware, glass and metal finds from excavations (2021–2024) of the extra mural settlement at Birdoswald Roman Fort on Hadrian’s Wall. The excavations explored five areas outside the fort to understand how this settlement developed over time, revealing a bathhouse, strip buildings, defensive features and activity zones beyond the fort gate.
Over 13,000 pottery fragments were recovered dating from the early 2nd to mid-4th century, these indicated peak activity in the 2nd and early 3rd centuries, with a notable drop off in deposition by AD 280. The glass assemblage (789 fragments) is dominated by everyday bottles and window glass, particularly from the bathhouse, with evidence of recycling into tools and gaming pieces. Metal finds (295 objects) provide insights into daily life, industry and the military presence. These include tools, keys, writing implements, and weaponry, alongside rare items in gold and silver that hint at wealth and craft activity.
Together, the finds reveal a busy and diverse community beyond the fort walls, combining domestic life, commerce, and military activity. The full reports will appear in the forthcoming site report, a Britannia monograph, with acknowledgement to the Trust’s vital support.
